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Objective: To develop and validate a new tool viz., Intravenous Infiltration and Extravasation Risk Assessment Tool (IIEART) for assessing risk of fluid extravasation in children. Participants: 120 children (aged 2-18 year) undergoing peripheral intravenous cannulation were recruited from four hospitals of Haryana to determine the IIEART scale’s psychometric properties. Methods: The tool was developed under four phases with Modified Delphi rounds among nine experts. After experts’ confirmation of final draft, the reliability and validity of the tool was ascertained. Results: The final IIERAT with 11 items showed good internal consistency (?=0.81) with inter-rater reliability of (?=0.88). To calculate predictive validity, sensitivity and specificity were assessed for 3 consecutive days from the day of cannulation. At a score >21, the sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 100% with area under curve of 1.0 (95% CI 1.0, 1.0) on second day of cannulation. Conclusion: The IIEART developed was found to be valid and reliable and can be used by healthcare personnel to predict pediatric patients at risk for intravenous infiltration and extravasation.
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Background: Obesity has long been recognized to have significant effect on respiratory functions. Many studies have reported exponential decrease in pulmonary function test (PFT) with increasing body mass index (BMI), which is a crude indicator of obesity. Also, the relationship between BMI and PFTs varies with age, race, geographical region and the different obesity standards used. To the best of our knowledge, not many studies have been done to examine the relationship between obesity and lung volumes among adults in our region, Jammu. This cross-sectional study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of obesity on lung function test in obese but otherwise healthy adults of Jammu region.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jammu region on subjects selected randomly from different colleges in the age group of 18-40 years. The study involved 300 subjects; divided into three groups of 100 each, based on BMI into normal, overweight and obese groups. Four respiratory parameters viz. FVC (Forced Vital Capacity), FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second), FEV3 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 3 seconds), and MVV (Maximum Voluntary Ventilation) were used to assess their lung functions.Results: All the respiratory parameters exhibited statistically significant decrease in obese groups as compared to normal and overweight groups.Conclusions: The present study suggests that obesity alters the respiratory physiology by producing a restrictive ventilatory pattern.
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Aims:The etiological spectrum and clinical profile of admitted patients presenting with pancytopeniawere studied. Study Design:This was a prospective study conducted on 200 patients presenting to the Department of Medicine, Department of Oncology and the Allied Specialities of Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana and were found to have pancytopenia during hospital stay.Results:Mean age of the patients was 45.69 ± 17.05 years with maximum number of patients (23%) in the age group of 51-60 yearsand 119 patients were males and 81 patients were females.Most common physical finding was pallor (95%), followed by splenomegaly (22%) and hepatomegaly (17%). Total of107 patients were vegetarians (53.5%) and 93 patients (46.5%) were non-vegetarians. Mean hemoglobin was 7.16 ± 2.04 g/dl, mean total leucocyte count was 2.51 ± 1.02 x 103/cu.mm, mean platelet count was 54885.37 x 103/ul ± 40320.96 and mean the absolute neutrophil count was 1.59 x 103 /cu.mm ± 0.84. Ten patients of pancytopenia were because of tropical fever which included 4 cases of dengue, 3 cases of malaria, 2 cases of enteric fever and 1case of mixed infection (malaria + scrub typhus).Viral markers were positive in 14 out of the 63 patients tested. Out of these 14 patients, 4 were HBsAg reactive, 7 were HCV +ve and 3 were HIV +ve. Most common red blood cell picture on peripheral blood film was normocytic normochromic (34.5%), followed by mixed morphology (33.5%). Macrocytic and microcytic morphology was seen in 19.5% and 12.5% of the patients respectively. Hypercellular marrow was seen in 82 patients (42.9%), normocellular marrow was seen in 58 patients (30.3%) and hypocellular marrow was seen in 51 patients (26.7%). The most common cause of pancytopenia in this study was megaloblastic anemia in 59 patients (29.5%), the 2nd common cause was leukemias in 28 patients (14%) and the 3rdcause was aplastic anemia in 22 patients (11%). Drug induced pancytopeniawas seen in 21 patients (10.5%) and hypersplenism in 9 cases (4.5%).Conclusion:This study has helped us in knowing the various etiologies of pancytopeniain this hospital. Megaloblastic anemia was the most common etiology in this study followed by leukemiasand aplastic anemia. The study helped us in understanding of the age and gender distribution, the hematological parameters, the peripheral blood film in pancytopenia and the bone marrow picture in these patients.
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Introduction: Normative data of Nerve conduction study(NCS) are used to evaluate Nerve conduction study ofpatients presenting with signs and symptoms of peripheralnerve disease. The Nerve conduction velocity depends onage, gender, temperature and nerve diameter. The study wasdone to observe the effect of the cerebral dominance if anyon the motor nerve conduction velocity by recording nerveconduction velocity of both right and left sides in upper limb.Material and Methods: The nerve conduction study was doneon 100 medical students (50 male and 50 female) studying inAdesh Institute of Medical Science sand Research, Bathinda.Motor nerve conduction for Median nerve was done usingcomputerized software Octopus EMG/NCV/EP. Amplitude,duration and conduction velocity of Median Nerve weremeasured for both the upper limbs.Results: Motor nerve conduction velocity of Median Nervewas found to be greater in right limb (56.87 ± 3.6 m/s and57.5 ± 3.35 m/s) as compared to left limb (56.33 ± 3.53 m/sand 56.97 ± 3.48 m/s) in both male and female students but theresults were statistically non-significant (p>0.05). The latencyof median nerve conduction was less in females (2.65± 0.24ms and 2.75± 0.32 m/s) than in males (2.71± 0.27ms and2.78± 0.32 m/s) on both sides.Conclusion: Motor nerve conduction velocity was found tobe greater in right limb as compared to left limb in both malesand females Motor nerve conduction velocity was found to bemore in female students as compared to male students.
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Background: Environmental pollution is a worldwide phenomenon. Exposure to vehicle emissions increases the risk to reduced lung function and detoriating cardiovascular performance. Aims & Objective: To measure the effect of dust and automobile exhaust fumes on security guards. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in 150 healthy non-smoking male security guards of age group 20-40yrs. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) was measured using Wrights peak flow meter and acute changes in oxygen saturation (SPO2) were determined using Digital finger Pulse Oximeter in equal number (n=50 each) of security guards working outside office, in open parking and in basement parking. Statistical analysis was carried out by unpaired student’s t -test. Results: PEFR was found to be lower (427.0 ± 11.12 L/min) in security guards working in basement parking of shopping malls as compared to security guards working in open parking (430 ± 12.92 L/min) and outside office buildings (443 ± 13.29 L/min). Acute change in Oxygen saturation, (SPO2) were normal in each occupation but were significantly lower in security guards in basement parking p<0.001 as compared to security guards outside offices. Conclusion: Exposure to exhaust and fumes, inside the basement parking, cause more health risk to security guards than the security guards working in open parking or outside official buildings exposed vehicular exhaust.
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Recent exciting discoveries isolated dental stem cells from the pulp of the primary and permanent teeth, from the periodontal ligament, and from associated healthy tissues. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) represent a kind of adult cell colony which has the potent capacity of self-renewing and multilineage differentiation. Stem cell-based tooth engineering is deemed as a promising approach to the making of a biological tooth (bio-tooth) or engineering of functional tooth structures. Dental professionals have the opportunity to make their patients aware of these new sources of stem cells that can be stored for future use as new therapies are developed for a range of diseases and injuries. The aim of this article is to review and understand how dental stem cells are being used for regeneration of oral and conversely nonoral tissues. A brief review on banking is also done for storing of these valuable stem cells for future use.